The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) protects the right of employees to twelve weeks of medical leave in a twelve month period so long as the employee has worked 1,250 hours in the current or prior calendar year and the employee works at a work location in which the employer employs at least fifty employee in a seventy-five mile radius of the employee’s work location. FMLA leave is a growing source of employment claims due to: the complexity of FMLA requirements; its interaction with the Americans with Disabilities Act; its interaction with workers compensation; and employer unwillingness to grant medical leave.
A key requirement is that the employee satisfies the 1,250 hour requirement before becoming eligible for FMLA protections. Although the 1,250 hour requirement seems like a simple issue, it actually causes a number of claims because the FMLA statute and accompanying regulations establish a complex methodology for counting hours that often includes quirky or unusual employment situations. One area in which the 1,250 hour requirement is particularly unusual is when employees are exempt, salaried employees.
Exempt employees and FMLA
Exempt employees are not paid on an hourly basis and the Department of Labor tends to discourages employers from tracking the hours of exempt employees to avoid the appearance that the exempt employees are really hourly employees being denied overtime and minimum wage protections. That puts employers in a difficult position of trying to determine whether exempt employees have met the 1,250 hour requirement when they do not track exempt employee work time. The FMLA regulations speak to this issue, although employers may not find much satisfaction in the regulation. 29 C.F.R. 825.110(c)(3) indicates:
In the event an employer does not maintain an accurate record of hours worked by an employee, including for employees who are exempt from FLSA’s requirement that a record be kept of their hours worked . . . the employer has the burden of showing that the employee has not worked the requisite hours.
Because employers tend not to track those hours, the employer must prove the employee has not met the 1,250 hour requirement. How can an employer do that? Not easily. Some exempt employees work a fairly standard forty hour week in the office. In these cases the employer’s ability to make a compelling argument is easier. However, many exempt employees work more than forty hour and may work from home or other remote locations. “Work” is not just what the employee performs from a desk or computer.
Calculating time under FMLA
If the employee answers calls while away from the office, that time is work for the purposes of calculating hours. The employee may spend additional time contemplating an answer to those communications or perform other work in response to the communication. Certain forms of travel time may also be counted as working hours. Disproving that the employee worked additional hours may be extremely difficult and granting FMLA leave may be cheaper and easier than risking an FMLA lawsuit even if the employer ends up prevailing.
Find an FMLA attorney
If you believe your employer denied FMLA protected leave by incorrectly calculating eligibility then you may have a claim for wrongful denial of your FMLA benefits. Although calculating work hours may seem like an easy task it often involves considerations of complex FMLA regulations and pay standards at both the federal and state level. The best thing you can do if you believe your employer wrongfully denied FMLA leave is to talk to an employment attorney in your area right away. Although the statute of limitations for an FMLA claim is generally two years your need for protected leave is probably more urgent. An employment attorney can assess your situation and discuss options to secure protected leave or pursue claims against your employer.
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